1. Igipimo cy'urwego rwa radar ni iki? Ni ibihe bintu bikora?
Igipimo cy’urwego rwa radar ni ubwoko bw'igikoresho cyohereza mikoroonde binyuze kuri antene kugeza ku rwego rwo hagati rwapimwe, hanyuma kikabara urugero rw'amazi ari mu gikoresho hashingiwe ku gihe bifata kugira ngo mikoroonde isohoke kandi igaruke.
Ibiranga:
① Nta kwimura, nta bice by'ihererekanya ry'ibintu, nta gupima ibintu bitagera aho bihurira, ntabwo bigengwa n'ubushyuhe, igitutu, umwuka ushyushye, aerosol cyangwa umukungugu. Bikwiriye gupima ahantu hanini hanini, ahantu hasukuye cyangwa hatari uburozi, hamwe n'ahantu hangiza.
②Ipima rya radar nta gace k'uburinzi ripima rifite kandi ubunyangamugayo bwaryo (resolution) bushobora kuba buri hejuru cyane. Ikosa ryo gupima urwego rw'amazi rishobora kugera kuri 1mm (hamwe n'ubwoko bwihariye bugera kuri 0.1mm). Kubwibyo, rishobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gupima cy'ubucuruzi.
2. Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho yo gupima urwego rwa radar?
Igipimo cy’urwego rwa radar gikoresha oscillator ifite frequency yo hejuru nk'umuyoboro wa mikoroonde. Mikoroonde ikorwa na moteri ijyanwa kuri antene y'imirasire inyuze mu muyoboro w'amazi hanyuma ikamanuka. Iyo mikoroonde ihuye n'imbogamizi, nk'ubuso bw'amazi, amwe muri yo arashongeshwa hanyuma amwe agasubira inyuma. Urugero rw'amazi rupimwa hapimwa isano iri hagati y'ibipimo bimwe na bimwe by'umuraba woherejwe n'umuraba woherejwe uturutse ku rwego rw'amazi.
Kuri ubu, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa metero zipima urwego rwa radar. Ubwoko bumwe bufite umurongo uhoraho w'ibyuka bihumanya kandi bupima igihe cy'urugendo rw'umuraba usohoka n'umuraba ugaragara. Hanyuma, binyuze muri poroseseri y'ibimenyetso ifite ubwenge, ibara uburebure bw'urwego rw'amazi rwapimwe. Isano iri hagati y'igihe cy'imikorere y'ubu bwoko bw'igipimo cy'urwego rwa radar n'intera iri hagati y'urwego rw'amazi ni: t = 2d/c.
c - Umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza umuraba wa elegitoronike, c = 300000 km/s;
d - Intera iri hagati y'urwego rwo hagati rwapimwe n'icyuma gipima, muri metero;
t - Igihe kuva aho probe isohora imiraba ya electromagnetic kugeza igihe yakiriye imiraba ya electromagnetic yagaragaye, S.
Ubundi bwoko bupima itandukaniro ry’impinduka hagati y’umuraba usohoka n’umuraba ugaragara, maze bugahindura iri tandukaniro ry’impinduka mo ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi gihuye n’urwego rw’amazi rwapimwe. Impinduka z’ibyuka by’ubu bwoko bw’igipimo cy’amazi si ubwinshi buhamye ahubwo ni ubwinshi buhindagurika buhora buhinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2025